1 Match the following: Bias A. Subjects with common characteristics followed over time Double Blind B. Followed all treatment/study procedures Clinical Trials C. Subjects randomly assigned to treatment groups Cohort D. At a single point in time Confounding E. Risk factor distortion Cross-Sectional F. Systematic uncertainty Disease Incidence G. Creating similar comparison groups Intention to treat H. Subject and researcher unaware of treatment status Matching I. Number of new case of disease over time Per Protocol J. Do not have to complete treatment Question 2 An investigator wants to assess whether smoking is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Electronic medical records at a local hospital will be used to identify fifty patients with pancreatic cancer. One hundred patients who are similar but free of pancreatic cancer will also be selected. Each participant's medical record will be analyzed smoking history. Identify the type of study proposed and indicate its specific strengths and weaknesses. Type of study: (3.3 points) Strengths: (3.3 points) Weaknesses: (3.3 points) Question 3 In 1940, 2,000 women working in a factory were recruited into a study. Half of the women worked in manufacturing and half in administrative offices. The incidence of bone cancer through 1970 among the 1,000 women working in manufacturing was compared with that of 1,000 women working in administrative offices. Thirty of the women in manufacturing developed bone cancer as compared to 9 women in administrative offices. This study is an example of a: a. b. c. d. Randomized controlled trial Case-Control study Cohort Study Crossover trial Question 4 The mean BMI patients free of diabetes was reported as 28.2. The investigator conducting the study hypothesizes that the BMI in patients free of diabetes is higher. Based on the data given below is there evidence that the BMI is significantly higher that 28.2? Use a 5% level of significance. 25 27 31 33 26 28 38 41 24 32 35 40 Critical t value: (2 points) Computed : (2 points Based on comparing the critical t value to computed t value which of the following is (are) true? a. There is statistically significant evidence at alpha=0.05 to show the BMI is significantly higher than 28.2 b. There is not statistically significant evidence at alpha=0.05 to show the BMI is significantly higher than 28.2 c. There are not enough data points to reach a conclusion d. B and c The following are body mass index (BMI) scores measured in 12 patients who are free of diabetes and participating in a study of risk factors for obesity. Body mass index is measured as the ratio of weight in kilograms to height in meters squared. Generate a 95% confidence interval estimate of the true BMI. 25 27 31 33 26 28 38 41 24 32 35 40