$1-$ Mention the main characteristics of polymers.

$2-$ Classify polymers according to their origin and shape, give examples.

$3-$ Compare between Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers.

$4-$ What are the different forms of co$-$polymers.

$5-$ Mention the types of polymers according to their stress$-$strain properties.

$6-$ Give four examples for step polymers, addition polymers and diene polymers and

write the chemical formula.

$7-$ Write the chemical formula for:

a$-$ Polyarylonitrile, polystyrene, polyethylene, PVC$,$ polypropylene.

b$-$ Nylon $6,6,$ Nylon $6,10,$ polyurethane, Terlyne polyester.

c$-$ Natural rubber, polybutadiene.

$8-$ Mention the different methods of polymer formation, give examples for each type

of them and write the required equation.

$9-$ Write the mathematical formula for Carother equation and calculate the molar

mass for Nylon $6,6$ if the conversion is $99\mathrm{.}5\%.$

$10-$ Mention the characteristics of step and addition polymerization.

$11-$ Explain the different methods applied to control molar mass of step polymers.

$12-$ Draw the reactor used to evaluate polymerization reaction kinetics and explain

the function of each part.

$13-$ Mention the three stages for addition polymerization.

$14-$ Complete:

a$-$ The addition polymerization proceeds in the stages which are:

$....,....,........$

b$-$ The three types of addition polymerization are....., $......,......$

c$-$ The active center in anionic polymerization is called $.....$while that of cationic

polymerization is called......

d$-$ Initiator is a molecule which when subjected to$.......$

e$-$ Inhibition of polymerization means........ while retardation means.....

f$-$ Tg of polymers are related to$.......$ While Tm are related to$.....$

$15-$ Write complete equations to explain the polymerization of $($i$)$ Polyvinyl

Chloride and $($ii$)$ Polyacrylonitrile.

$16-$ Mention with help of equations three different types of initiators.

$17-$ Compare between factors which affect the molar mass and those which

affect the conversion of addition polymers.

$18-$ compare between the initiation of cationic and anionic polymerization

using chemical equations.

$19-$ Explain advantages and disadvantages of:

$-129-$

a$-$ Bulk Polymerization.

b$-$ Solution Polymerization.

c$-$ Suspension polymerization.

d$-$ Emulsion Polymerization.

$20-$ What are the main ingredients in the reactor of emulsion polymerization

and those of suspension polymerization.