1. Most development economists now seem to agree that the level and rate of growth of GNI and per capita income do not provide sufficient measures of a country's development. What is the essence of their argument? Give some examples.

2. Distinguish between size and functional distributions of income in a nation. Which do you conclude is the more appropriate concept?

3. What is meant by absolute poverty? What measures of income poverty are favored by development economists? How do these measures differ from the UNDP's Multidimensional Poverty Index? Why should we be concerned with the measurement of poverty in developing nations?

4. What are the principal economic characteristics of high-poverty groups? What do these characteristics tell us about the possible nature of a poverty focused development strategy?