1. Nataro, Incorporated, has sales of $670,000, costs of $337,000, depreciation expense of $82,000, interest expense of $47,000, and a tax rate of 24 percent. The firm paid out $77,000 in cash dividends. What is the addition to retained earnings?

2. Graff, Incorporated, has sales of $45,180, costs of $14,460, depreciation expense of $3,310, and interest expense of $2,420. The tax rate is 24 percent. What is the operating cash flow, or OCF?

3. The December 31, 2021, balance sheet of Chen, Incorporated, showed long-term debt of $1,420,000 and the December 31, 2022, balance sheet showed long-term debt of $1,620,000. The 2022 income statement showed an interest expense of $96,000. What was the firm's cash flow to creditors during 2022?