• Market coordination. The extent to which horizontal market linkages existed within the formal sector was minimal, or non-existent. Enterprises could be typified as having a lack of relationship with the product market, a direct relationship to central planning which not only controlled the flow of products but also directed the allocation of resources and labour, placed geographical and other restrictions on production and deployment of labour, set prices by central banking, and directly controlled foreign trade. Informal and distorted aspects of market relations existed between supplier and user enterprises, where, as a result of shortages of the means of production, an enterprise might try bribing representatives of supplier firms in order to obtain material or components, and sometimes train staff to make these transactions.