#1 Of the cartons produced by a company, 9% have a puncture, 7% have a smashed corner, and 1.3% have both a puncture and a smashed corner. Find the probability that a randomly selected carton has a puncture or a smashed corner.

#2 A physics class has 40 students. Of these, 14 students are physics majors and 15 students are female. Of the physics majors, fiveare female. Find the probability that a randomly selected student is female or a physics major.

#3 A standard deck of cards contains 52 cards. One card is selected from the deck.

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)

(a) P(club or diamond)

(b) P(club or diamond or heart) (c) P(four or heart)

#4 In a recent year, about 36% of all infants born in a country were conceived through in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Of the IVF deliveries, about twenty-eight percent resulted in multiple births. (Round to the nearest thousandth as needed.)

(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected infant was conceived through IVF and was part of a multiple birth.

(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected infant conceived through IVF was not part of a multiple birth.

(c) Would it be unusual for a randomly selected infant to have been conceived through IVF and to have been part of a multiple birth? Explain.