1. On May 1, Jennings, a car dealer, e-mails Wheeler and says, "I have a 1955 Thunderbird convertible in mint condition that I will sell you for $13,500 at any time before June 9. [Signed] Peter Jennings." By May 15, having heard nothing from Wheeler, Jennings sells the car to another. On May 29, Wheeler accepts Jennings's offer and tenders $13,500. When told Jennings has sold the car to another, Wheeler claims Jennings has breached their contract. Is Jennings in breach? Explain. 2. James McCoolidge, a Nebraska resident, saw a used Honda Element for sale online. He contacted the seller, Daniel Oyvetsky, who offered to sell the vehicle for $7,500 on behalf of Car and Truck Center, LLC, a dealership in Nashville, Tennessee. McCoolidge paid the price and received the car and a certificate of title. Before he registered the certificate with the Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles, he learned that the state of Tennessee had issued numerous certificates of title to the Element. Based on these documents, title could ultimately be traced to McCoolidge. But he chose to file a suit in a Nebraska state court against Oyvetsky, claiming that he had not received "clear" title. What does the UCC provide with respect to the passage of title under a sales contract? How does that rule impact McCoolidge's claim? Discuss. 3. Moore contracted in writing to sell her Hyundai Santa Fe to Hammer for $18,500. Moore agreed to deliver the car on Wednesday, and Hammer promised to pay the $18,500 on the following Friday. On Tuesday, Hammer informed Moore that he would not be buying the car after all. By Friday, Hammer had changed his mind again and tendered $18,500 to Moore. Moore, although she had not sold the car to another party, refused the tender and refused to deliver. Hammer claimed that Moore had breached their contract. Moore contended that Hammer's repudiation released her from her duty to perform under the contract. Who is correct, and why? 4. Bertram writes a check for $200 payable to "cash." He puts the check in his pocket and drives to the bank to cash the check. As he gets out of his car in the bank's parking lot, the check slips out of his pocket and falls to the pavement. Jerrod walks by moments later, picks up the check, and later that day delivers it to Amber, to whom he owes $200. Amber indorses the check "For deposit only, [signed] Amber Dowel" and deposits it into her checking account. In light of these circumstances, answer the following questions: a. Is the check a bearer instrument or an order instrument? b. Did Jerrod's delivery of the check to Amber constitute a valid negotiation? Why or why not? c. What type of indorsement did Amber make? d. Does Bertram have a right to recover the $200 from Amber? Explain. 5. Williams purchased a used car from Stein for $1,000. Williams paid for the car with a check (written in pencil) payable to Stein for $1,000. Stein, through careful erasures and alterations, changed the amount on the check to read $10,000 and negotiated the check to Boz. Boz took the check for value, in good faith, and without notice of the alteration. He thus met the Uniform Commercial Code's requirements for the status of a holder in due course. Can Williams successfully raise the universal (real) defense of material alteration to avoid payment on the check? Explain.