$1$ Physical Computing $($SOB $5)$

Please look at the following statements:

$1.($A $$B$)$

$2.($A $$ B$)$

$3.($A $$B$)$

Please answer all questions below.

Question $1\mathrm{.}1$ Using the statements above, please can you do the following two things using MultiSim:

$$ Draw the circuits correctly using appropriate logic gates.

$$ Draw the truth tables for the statements.

For help with this, please use the second handout for Computer Systems labelled Physical Computing $-$ Chapter

$1.$

$2$ Physical Computing $($SOB $15)$

A D$-$Type Flip Flop has four inputs to work:

$1.$ Set Input

$2.$ Reset Input

$3.$ Data Input

$4.$ Clock Input

With this in mind, we typically have five gates in the circuit, but specifically two gates which complete the sequential

part of the circuit and in turn the set and reset functions of the flip flop.

Question $2\mathrm{.}1$ Using Physical Computing $-$ Chapter $2$ from UniHub, please identify and draw the following:

$$ The flip flop circuit.

$$ The FSM for the flip flop circuit.

$$ An explanation of what is meant by a "sequential circuit". $3$ Physical Computing $($SOB $18$ and $28)$

In Chapter $4,$ you may remember the introduction to memory as a concept, specifically using RAM integrated circuits to

input data, store data and visualise data on the FPGA. This chip allows us to do the following:

$1.$ Select an address.

$2.$ Select data to input.

$3.$ Write data.

$4.$ Read data.

This chip also allowed us to start thinking about making small working "computers" by wiring up counters to make the

RAM chip work on its own, typically through counting the address inputs, which would allow us to read each address

line, one by one.

Question $3\mathrm{.}1$ Using Physical Computing $-$ Chapter $4$ from UniHub, please document the following:

$$ A table of the physical connections of the RAM chip $($only use $3$ data and $3$ address inputs$).$

$$ A table of the physical connections of the counter chip $(74$LS$191).$

$$ A video of yourself, narrating and reading and writing data in the RAM circuit. Hint: Read in depth the

handout for Chapter $4,$ a lot of the information is there!

For additional help, you will need the datasheets for the RAM chip and the counter chip. These are labelled on

UniHub in the following sections:

$$ Chapter $2-$ For the counter datasheet.

$$ Chapter $4-$ For the RAM explanation.

$$ Chapter $5-$ For some more examples of connecting RAM.

$4$ Physical Computing $($SOB $24)$

Question $4\mathrm{.}1$ Over the course of the first two Blocks of Physical Computing, there are lots of information on

computer architectures, how data moves around the computer and how individual components work, including their

sub components. With SOB $24,$ we are looking at how a processor executes an instruction, from the time the user

inputs an instruction to when it is finally output $($on the screen, via audio etc$).$ For this SOB, we expect you to do

the following:

$$ Explain the fetch$-$execute cycle.

$$ Build a circuit of the components you have explained in the first part of the question connected together and

explain how they would work. Hint: If you have previously done Chapter $5,$ there is similar work in here.

For help with this, please use the handout labelled Chapter $4$ and the week $10$ video labelled Tom Scott $-$ What$$s

Your Computer Actually Doing?.

$3$

$5$ Physical Computing $($SOB $29)$

Question $5\mathrm{.}1$ In the final chapters of Physical Computing, we looked into Microcontrollers and programming beyond

MultiSim. Specifically, we logged into tinkercad.com and navigated to Circuits, to simulate and design Arduino

circuits. We also did this with physical components in the class. Feel free to do these exercises with an Arduino etc

if you have one. For help with these questions, please look on UniHub for Chapter $6$ and $7.$ There is also a video

available if you haven$$t used Tinkercad yet, in the Physical Computing section of UniHub.

$$ Using the examples from Chapter $6$ and $7,$ build a system which monitors distance and prints the distance on

an LCD an depending on the distance will turn on a red LED or green LED to indicate something being too

close or too far. Components you should use include an ultrasonic sensor$,$ two LEDs and an LCD. We would

also like data to be sent to the Serial Monitor as well as the LCD, so please show examples of this working.

$$ Narrate your code about what$$s happening. Also label all of your components with variable names and ensure

you add a sharing link in your documentation.

$6$ Physical Computing $($SOB $30)$

Question $6\mathrm{.}1$ Through the year in all modules you have been introduced to different ways of representing data,

whether this is number systems $($decimal$,$ octal, binary, hexademical$),$ physical components to display these number

systems, Racket code in ASCII, how systems work $($FSMs and truth tables$)$ etc. It is these representations that build

your knowledge on how computer systems work. Thinking about these can you please do the following, but please

show your working out.

$$ Write your name in ASCII

$$ Convert to Binary, Octal and Hexademical

$$ Explain in Physical Computing