1. Pretend that you are studying the effect of drinking water on college students' test scores. You compare a group of students who chewed peppermint gum while they studied for the test to a group of students who did not chew any gum while they studied. Test scores are higher for the students who chewed gum; however, unbeknownst to you, all of the students with prior knowledge of the material tested Were in the gum-chewing group. What concept best explains what is likely to have happened? a. A small effect size b. Type l error c. Type II error d. p-hacking 2. A measurement of the strength of the independent variable's effect on the dependent variable is: a. Type | error b. Type ll error c. Effect size d. Alpha