1. Steve purchases $4,521 of stock in 2018. In 2022, he decides to liquidate his stock at a value of $18,863. Steve earned enough income in 2022 to qualify for 15% capital gains tax as a single filer. How much does Steve need to pay in capital gains tax for 2022? (Hint: How is selling assets considered income?)

2. Steve purchases a different stock in 2018 at the same value, but does so within a Roth IRA account. He waits to liquidate it until 2060, when he's 60 years old. How much does he need to pay in capital gains tax for 2060?