1. Suppose that Bob sends N back-to-back packets, each of length L bits, to Alice over three links (shown below) and that the transmission rate of each link is R bits/sec (bps). Bob Alice R bps x Rbps R bps > Router 1 Router 2 Suppose that, in the network above, each router adds bits to every received packet before forwarding it for managerial reasons. Specifically, suppose that Router 1 adds K bits to every received before forwarding it and that Router 2 adds K2 bits to every received packet before forwarding it. Thus, each packet transmitted by Router 1 would consist of L + K, bits and each packet transmitted by Router 2 would consist of L + Ky +K2 bits. Answer now the following questions. a) Find a formula that characterizes the delay that occurs in sending all N packets to Alice (i.e., the time needed for the last bit of the last packet to arrive at Alice since Bob starts transmitting the first packet). Also, assuming N = 15, L = 1000, K4 = 5, K2 = 6, and R = 5000 bps, find the delay experienced in sending all packets using your formula. b) Note that different packets may experience different amounts of individual delays (i.e., the time needed by the last bit of a packet to arrive at Alice since Bob starts transmitting that specific packet may vary across packets). Find formula that characterizes the "individual delay experienced by any given packet n E [1, N] in arriving at Alice from among the set of N packets sent by Bob. Also, assuming L = 1000, K1 = 5, K2 = 6, and R = 5000 bps, find the "individual delay experienced by packet 8 in arriving at Alice (assuming, of course, that Bob transmits at least 8 packets) using your formula. a