1 Suppose that in 2023 the Pakistani government-debt-to-GDP ratio was stable at 78% (dt = dt-1 = .78), the Pakistani primary-deficit-to-GDP ratio was -1.56% (pdef2023 = -0.0156) and the real interest rate between 2022 and 2023 was 7.1% (r = .071). a) 1. What was the growth rate in real GDP between 2022 and 2023 that was consistent with a stable government-debt-to-GDP ratio? Show how you derive your results. 2. Under these circumstances, illustrate d2022 and d2023 on the phase diagram (dt as a function of dt-1). Make the graph very large. It turns out that a large proportion of the Pakistani government debt is denominated in U.S. dollar. Because in 2022 the dollar significantly appreciated relative to the Pakistani rupee, the numerical value of d2022 jumps to 85%. All other relevant variables (r, g and pdef2023 remain unchanged). 3. Qualitatively illustrate the effects of the increase in d2022 on the Pakistani cobweb graph of part Q1b2 by showing the new d2023, d2024 and d2025, assuming that r, g, prdef do not change over time