1. Test the following syllogism for validity using a Venn diagram. Be sure to label the circles in your diagram.

No M are P

Some S are not M

Therefore, some P are not S

2. Translate the following syllogism into standard form and test it for validity using a Venn diagram. Be sure to indicate what capital letter you are using to abbreviate each term.

All creatures who can use and teach symbolic language clearly have some capacity for abstraction. Since the late-seventies, we have learned that chimpanzees can use and teach symbolic language. Clear, then, chimpanzees can abstract.

-- (Trudy Govier, A Practical Study of Argument)

3. If possible, supply the missing premise or conclusion of the following enthymeme in such a way that the resulting syllogism is valid.

I think zoos just keep animals in captivity for display to curious humans, so I dont think zoos are a humane environment for animals.

-- (Adapted from Trudy Govier, A Practical Study of Argument, 2^nd ed., p. 176)