[1] The applicant is a permanent resident who is subject to a legally enforceable removal order. He is now asking the Court to review a decision rendered on March 16, 2012, by a citizenship officer under section 5.1 of the Citizenship Act, RSC 1985, c C-29 [Act], refusing his application for Canadian citizenship for a person adopted by a Canadian citizen [citizenship application]. BACKGROUND [2] The applicant, Burou Jeanty Dufour, was born in Haiti on June 5, 1987. His biological father died when he was five years old, while his mother died a few years after the applicant was adopted in Haiti by Joseph Dufour in 2001. The applicant's adoptive father is a Canadian citizen, divorced, a teacher by profession and now retired. Between 1999 and 2002, he worked as a missionary in Haiti, where he met the Jeanty and Eliadam families. [3] The applicant's mother had a business which took up much of her time; she was of modest financial means and wanted a better future for the applicant, who also looked after his brother and sister. The Eliadams were a dysfunctional family that included Jonathan, who is one year older than Burou. The applicant's mother and Jonathan's father wanted Mr. Dufour to adopt the two teenagers, who shared the same desire. [4] The adoption judgment was delivered in Haiti by the court of first instance of the city of Cayes [foreign court] on September 17, 2001, when the applicant was 14 years old