1 The author and quoted experts believe that consolidation will be inevitable in Canadian Airlines. What do they mean by consolidation in this industry? In other words, what would the industry, especially large airlines such as Air Canada and WestJest, look like after the expected consolidation?

2.It is also argued that Canada is a mature market. What would have been different if the emergence of new ULCCs had occurred in emerging markets such as East Asia or Latin America?

3.In such an industry with low switching costs for travelers, how can companies such as Air Canada and WestJet create "lock-in" situation to keep their customers?