1. The co- variance of two variables is:

a)how they deviate from their means together

b)how they deviate from their standard deviations together

c)the total variance of both variables

d)the percent of variance in one variable explained by another

e)the squared differences from time 1 to time 2

2. If a researcher concludes that "decreases in self-esteem are strongly associated with decreases in social interaction" then what correlation coefficient describes her findings?

a).08

b).87

c)-.87

d).32

e)-.32

3. The percent of variance in one variable explained by another is:

a)co variance

b)Pearson's r

c)r-squared

d)partial r

e)sum of squares

4. A spurious relationship is one in which:

a)The relationship is strengthened by the addition of a control variable

b)The relationship disappearswith the addition of a control variable

c)The relationship is unchanged by the addition of a control variable

d)The size of the relationship is halved by the addition of a control variable

e)None of the above

5. If we find a significant positive correlation between income and voting for Republican candidates we can conclude that:

a)A higher income causes people to vote Republican

b)Voting Republican leads to a higher income

c)In the population income and vote choice are unrelated

d)Knowing a person's level of income will help us predict their vote choice

e)The relationship between income and vote choice is spurious