1. The data in "Salivary-Amylase-Data.xlsx" represent the number of AMY1 gene copies in two groups with different diets. Calculate the following: a. High starch diet profile: sample size (n) b. High starch diet profile: mean (x) c. High starch diet profile: standard deviation (s) d. High starch diet profile: lower limit 95% confidence interval of the mean e. High starch diet profile: upper limit 95% confidence interval of the mean f. Low starch diet profile: sample size (n) g. Low starch diet profile: mean (x) h. Low starch diet profile: standard deviation (s) i. Low starch diet profile: lower limit 95% confidence interval of the mean j. Low starch diet profile: upper limit 95% confidence interval of the mean 2. Using Excel, construct and label a graph that summarizes the data in "Salivary-Amylase- Data.xlsx." Include 95% confidence interval error bars as well as a title for your graph and labels for the x- and y-axes. 3. From the graph, how do the two diet profiles compare? Explain your answer. 4. Write out the null and alternative hypotheses of the comparison between the means for the high-starch and low-starch diet groups. 5. A common mistake that people make during statistical analysis is to misinterpret the rejection of the null hypothesis as validation for the alternative hypothesis. Explain why this is a flawed way of thinking about null hypothesis significance testing. 1 2 A B D E F Table 1: AMY1 Copy Number and Amylase Production Among European-American Populations AMY1 Protein in Saliva 3 Individual # of AMY1 Gene Copies (mg/ml) 4 1 7 3.85 5 6 7 8 9 6 10 7 526869 23455 1.09 12 5.17 3.24 2.8 3.3 2.89 11 8 11 3.76 12 9 6 2.65 13 10 3 0.93 14 11 8 2.46 15 12 5 1.37 16 13 5 2.33 17 14 7 3.37 18 15 9 3.72 19 16 7 5.67 20 17 21 18 22 19 23 20 6634 4.61 4.33 3.13 4.24 24 21 7 4.33 25 22 8 1.89 26 23 8 3.48 27 24 4 1.83 28 25 7 3.41 29 30 A B 1 Table 2: AMY1 Copy Number and Dietary Starch D 23 4 5 Population 6 High-Starch Diet European-American 7 European-American 8 European-American 9 European-American # of AMY1 Gene Copies Population 4 Biaka 8 Biaka 11 Biaka 6 Biaka Low-Starch Diet # of AMY1 Gene Copies 8 4 2 5 10 European-American 5 Biaka 4 11 European-American 6 Biaka 4 12 European-American 6 Biaka 6 13 European-American 15 Biaka 7 14 European-American 15 European-American 8 Mbuti 16 European-American 8 Biaka 7 Mbuti 4 4 7 17 Hadza 15 Mbuti 18 Hadza 19 Hadza 20 Hadza 21 Hadza 5 Mbuti 7 Mbuti 6 Mbuti 3 Yakut 7 Yakut 4 4 5 4 9 4 22 Hadza 23 Japanese 10 Yakut 5 24 Japanese 6 Yakut 5 25 Japanese 6 Yakut 9 26 Japanese 5 Yakut 10 27 Japanese 6 Yakut 8 28 Japanese 5 Yakut 29 Japanese 6 Datog 30 Japanese 7 Datog 5200 8 31