1. The finding that "the more stress someone experiences, the more sickness symptoms they experience" is an example of A. a negative correlation

B. a positive correlation

C. no correlation

D. a spurious correlation

2. In a scatterplot, the horizontal axis represents the A. frequency

B. value of Y

C. value of X

D. mode

E. independent variable

3. We use the symbol ____________ to represent the correlation coefficient obtained if Pearson's correlation coefficient were to be computed for the entire population. A. Z

B. rho

C. t

D. r

4. In a study of educational attainment of children, the variable "number of books in the household at age 5" would have what level of measurement? A. nominal

B. ordinal

C. interval/ratio

5. A researcher is examining the relationship between dietary intake of fats and high blood pressure among women. The variable gender (women) is: A. a constant

B. the independent variable

C. the dependent variable

D. the control group

6. A _______________ is a prediction about the relationship between two variables, asserting that differences among the measurements of an independent variable will correspond to differences among the measurements of a dependent variable. A. scientific theory

B. hypothesis

C. dependency code

D. literature review

7. In a study of prison populations, the variable class of offense (incident, misdemeanor, and felony) would have what level of measurement? A. nominal

B. ordinal

C. interval

D. ratio

8. A physician's "specialty" (e.g., surgeon (cutter), cardiologist (heart), neurologist (brain), dermatology (skin), etc.) would have what level of measurement? A. nominal

B. ordinal

C. interval

D. ratio

9. A mathematical description of all possible sampling event outcomes and the probability of each is called a __________. A. sampling error

B. standard deviation

C. hypothesis

D. sampling distribution

10. To draw a conclusion about a population on the basis of sample statistics is called A. a statistical inference

B. an error

C. a mistake

D. a statistical ideal