1. The standard of proof for tort actions is on a balance of probabilities.

2. Many actions that were originally torts have become offences under provincial statutes.

3. To prove that a defendant has committed a tort, a plaintiff must establish that the defendant's actions were the sole cause of the harm.

4. A fiduciary duty is an enhanced duty of care that flows from a relationship of special trust.

5. The burden of proving a tort defence, such as voluntary assumption of risk, is on the plaintif