1. The Sumerians invented the first system of writing called

a.pictographs

b. hieroglyphics

c. cuneiform

d.inlay

2. Ziggurats functioned symbolically as

a.entrances to the underworld

b.bridges between the earth and the heavens

c.fortresses of the rulers

d. the home of the gods

3. The Epic of Gilgamesh was attributed to the

a.Sumerians

b.Akkadians

c.Babylonians

d.Persians

4. What technique did the Sumerians use to create cylinder sealsthat ensured the identification of documents and establishedproperty ownership

a. illusionism

b.registers

c.vertical perspective

d.sunken relief

5. Which culture controlled most of Mesopotamia by the end ofthe ninth century BCE

a.Assyrian

b.Persian

c.Hittite

d.Babylonian

6. What was at the top of the Anu ziggurat White Temple

a.scenes of military victories

b.a living quarters for priests

c.giant columns

d.a simple rectangle with an off-center doorway

7. The Stele of Hammurabi is significant as both a workof ancient Mesopotamian art and as

a.an example of Babylonian literature

b.a religious artifact recording Hebrew tradition

c.a key to deciphering cuneiform texts

d.a historical document recording a written code of law

8. What did the low relief scenes on the walls at Kalhuportray

a.war campaigns and lion hunts

b.abstract, geometric motifs

c.bulls and the god Marduk

d.judgments and punishments

9. What does the uppermost scene of the Carved Vessel(Fig. 2-4) from Uruk represent

a.the birth of a goddess

b.a ritual burial

c.a re-enactment of a ritual marriage

d.the signing of a peace treaty

10. What original element of the Head of a Woman (Fig.2-3) symbolizes the purity of the figure

a.the wooden body

b. a gold wig

c.inlaid eyes

d.the marble face

11. Stepped structures known as ziggurats may have developedfrom the practice of

a. using prisoners as a workforce

b.repeated rebuilding at sacred sites

c.establishing settlements on high land for safety

d.burying the dead in pyramids

12. The incised design on a cylinder seal found in the tomb ofQueen Puabi (Fig. 2-8) demonstrates the Sumerians’ use of

a.narrative images

b.geometric patterns

c.personal monograms

d.cuneiform

13. The lion hunting scene of Assurnasirpal II (Fig. 2-14) marksa shift in Mesopotamian art from a sense of timeless solemnitytoward greater

a.political content

b.emotional drama

c.historical accuracy

d.interest in individuals

14. Which city was Nebuchadnezzar II responsible fortransforming into one of the most splendid of its day

a.Ur

b.Persepolis

c.Babylon

d.Nineveh

15. The relief of Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute(Fig. 2-23) exemplifies Persian art’s emphasis on

a.the divinity of the king

b.military power

c.allegiance and economic prosperity

d.multicultural tolerance

16. The first domestication of grains occurred in the area knownas the

a.Fertile Crescent

b.Kalhu

c.Zagros Mountains

d.Persia

17.What did the Sumerians use to produce cuneiform writing

a.stylus

b.seal

c.picture stamp

d.chisel

18. A beautiful copper alloy head, which is the earliest majorwork of hollow-cast sculpture known in the ancient Near East, datesfrom the time of

a.Darius

b.Nebuchadnezzar

c.Ashurbanipal

d.Sargon

19.In the Stele of Hammurabi, Hammurabi stands beforethe seated god Shamash in an attitude of

a.submission

b.defeat

c.prayer

d.solidarity

20.What were most of the buildings in Kalhu built from

a.cut marble

b.alabaster

c.bitumen

d.mud bricks

21.Which ruler conquered the Persian Empire in 334 BCE

a.Alexander the Great

b.Xerxes

c.Sargon II

d.Gudea

22.The Persians won the loyalty of their subjects bytolerating

a.relaxed punishment toward slaves

b.trade with the Greeks

c.local chieftains and advisors

d.native customs and religions

23.Which object, taken by an Elamite king, demonstrated theimportance of art objects as military booty

a.Disk of Enheduanna

b.Stele of Naram-Sin

c.Votive Statue of Gudea

d.Stele of Hammurabi

25.In the image of Enemies Crossing the Euphrates to EscapeAssyrian Archers (Fig. 2-15), what device is used to conveyspatial depth

a.closed outlines

b.different viewpoints

c.large-scale animals

d.overlapping swimmers