1. The total dollar retum on an equity investment is defined as the A. realized capital gain or loss, B. capital gain or loss plus any dividend income. C. increase in value of a share of stock over a period of time. D. dividend income received. E. income received divided by the initial value of the security. 2. The standard deviation is a measure of A dividend income B. total retum C. capital gains and losses D. volatility 3. The rate of return earned on a U.S. Treasury bill is referred to as the A. expected rate of return B. risk premium. C. market rate of return D. deflated rate of return E. risk-free rate 4. The value which is equal to the ending price of a security minus the beginning price is called the A. total dollar return B. geometric dollar return C. dividend yield. D. arithmetic dollar return E. capital gain or loss