1. Under job control unionism, unions have outlined detailed work rules that control how work is performed and allocated. These rules are the union response to the ________ doctrine of management rights.

a) compulsory arbitration rights

b) residual rights

c) contract costing

d) fact-finding

2. Which of the following is true of total quality management?

a) Quality circles are a rare component of continuous improvement programs such as total quality management.

b) Lean production has been popularized in the United States through the spread of total quality management.

c) Total quality management returned to the United States in the 1970s.

d) Total quality management is based on the concept of Taylorism.

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