1.

What is the difference between the nominal exchange rate and the real exchange rate? When a newspaper article uses the phrase"the exchange rate", is the article typically referring to the nominal exchange rate or the real exchange rate?

2.

What is the difference between a direct quotation of an exchange rate and an indirect quotation? If the exchange rat between the yen and the dollar changes from 80 yen = $1 to 90 yen = $1, has the yen appreciated or depreciated against the dollar? Has the dollar appreciated or depreciated against the yen?

3.

Suppose that the euro falls in value relative to the dollar. What is the likely effect on European exports to the United States? What is the likely effect on US exports to Europe?

4.

The definition about following terms:

Appreciation

Depreciation

exchange rate risk

foreign exchange market

aw of one price

nominal exchange rate

Quota

Real exchange rate

tariff

5.

Are bonds also equities?

6.

What is the difference between a stocks exchange and an over the counter market? What are the counter market?

7.

How do fluctuations on stock prices affect the economy?