$1.$ Which one of the following is not related to miniaturization?

a$.$ Smaller ICTs can more readily be physically embedded in objects and spaces and this is an important consideration when looking at innovative uses of ICTs for studying and acting upon the environment

b$.$ Objects that have microprocessors embedded in them are called $$smart objects$$

c$.$ Smaller computing devices attached to various sensors make it easier to observe, monitor, measure and control the environment that surrounds us

d$.$ Bigger processors can be used to save energy as they are more powerful e$.$ Microprocessors are being used to allow smart applications to be developed, and applied to or embedded into objects and spaces