1. Which type of file system is used in CD-ROMs and DVDs?

a) FAT32
 b) NTFS
 c) ISO 9660
 d) ext4

2. What is a race condition in operating systems?
 a) A situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed
 b) A type of error in the file system
 c) A condition that occurs when two or more processes access shared data simultaneously, leading to unpredictable results
 d) A condition where a process consumes all available CPU time

3. Which command is used to list the contents of a directory in Unix-like systems in long format?
 a) ls -l
 b) dir
 c) ls -a
 d) cd

4. What is a device file in Unix-like systems?
 a) A file that contains device drivers
 b) A file that represents a hardware device
 c) A file that contains system configuration information
 d) A file used for network communication

5. What is the purpose of the 'kill' command in Unix-like systems?
 a) To terminate a process
 b) To start a new process
 c) To create a new file
 d) To copy a file

6. What is a shell variable in Unix-like systems?
 a) A type of hardware device
 b) A variable used to store user data
 c) A variable used by the kernel
 d) A variable used to configure shell behavior

7. What is a zombie process in Unix-like operating systems?
 a) A process that consumes all available memory
 b) A process that is stuck in an infinite loop
 c) A process that has terminated but still has an entry in the process table
 d) A process that is waiting for user input

8. What is the purpose of the 'tar' command in Unix-like systems?
 a) To create compressed archive files
 b) To list the contents of a directory

c) To change file permissions
 d) To copy files

9. What is the role of the 'chown' command in Unix-like systems?
 a) To change the computer's hostname
 b) To change file ownership
 c) To create a new user account
 d) To move files to a different location

10. What is a thread in the context of multi-threading?
 a) A type of file system
 b) A lightweight sub-process that shares the same memory space as other threads
 c) A type of hardware device
 d) A separate process running on a different CPU core