1. Who creates quasi contracts? Why are they created?

2. Charles owes Dan $100,000. Charles goes to Citi bank to take out a loan of $100,000 so he can pay off his debt to Dan. Citi agrees to make the loan but breaches its contract with Charles. Charles then defaults on his loan to Dan. Dan sues Citi bank because they breached their contract with Charles. What is the probable outcome of Dan's suit against Citi?

3. Mary goes shopping at Macy's on Wednesday and sees a very expensive piece of furniture costing $60,000. It is an antique, so there are no others like it for sale. Mary wants to get her spouse's approval before buying it. Mary gives Macy's $1,500 to give her the right to buy the antique until Saturday at noon. Mary took pictures of the piece, and she returns with her spouse on Friday to buy the furniture. Macy's apologizes and says they mistakenly sold the piece to another customer and gives the $1,500 back to Mary. Mary sues Macy's for additional damages. What is the probable outcome of Mary's lawsuit?