10. Risk assessment involves A. balancing the costs and benefits of environmental hazards. B. an evaluation of the risk caused by exposure to an environmental hazard C. minimizing the costs of meeting an environmental objective D. eliminating all environmental risks 11. Which of the following are examples of involuntary risks? A. skydiving B. mountain climbing C. being exposed to secondhand smoke D. sleeping 12. In defining environmental risk, exposure refers to the A. source of environmental damage and the benefits of eliminating the damage B. pathway between the source of the environmental damage and the affected population C. inability to assess the magnitude of exposure. D. lack of government policy 13. According to the textbook application, the EPA reported in 1993 that A. secondhand smoke was a carcinogen B. secondhand smoke was prohibited from public places C. secondhand smoke did not pose a human health risk D. exposure to smoke was voluntary 14. According to the EPA, human health risk assessment includes all of the following steps EXCEPT A. hazard identification B. dose-response assessment C. exposure assessment D. analysis phase 15. Before the policy was put into effect, estimated consumer surplus (in thousands of dollars) was valued at A. 2,100 B. 44,100 C. 90,000 D. 45,900