11. A change in accounting principle requires that the cumulative effect of the change for priar periods be shown as an adjustment to: a. beginning retained earnings of the earliest period presented. b. net income of the period in which the change occurred. c. comprehensive income for the earliest period presented. d. ending stockholders' equity of the period in which the change occurred. e. beginning retained earnings for the current period 12. Which of the following is not included in comprehensive income? a. Investments by owners. b. Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities c. Losses on disposals of fixed assets d. Realized gains on available-for-sale securities. e. Dividend income 13. If the shareholders' equity at the end of the accounting period is greater than the shareholders' equity at the beginning of the accounting period, the firm's a. capital has increased b. assets have increased c. cash has increased d. retained earnings have decreased e. liabilities have decreased 14. Information related to the Berkley Company for the calendar year 2014 follows: Liabilities, December 31, 2013 Assets, December 31, 2013 Liabilities, December 31, 2014 Assets, December 31, 2014 Dividends declared during 2014 $250,000 $350,000 $400,000 $700,000 $90,000 Assuming $50,000 of capital stock was issued during 2014, the net income earned by the Berkley Company during 2014 was a. $200,000 b. $240,000 c $290,000 d. $540,000 f $590,000