11. Assuming that the issuing company has only one class of share capital, * 1 point transfer from retained earnings to contributed capital equal to the market value of the shares issued is ordinarily a characteristic of a. either a share dividend or a share split. b. neither a share dividend nor a share split. c. a share split but not a share dividend. d. a share dividend but not a share split. 12. Select the statement that is incorrect concerning the appropriations 1 point of retained earnings. O a. Appropriations of retained earnings do not change the total amount of shareholders' equity. b. Appropriations of retained earnings reflect funds set aside for a designated purpose, such as plant expansion. c. Appropriations of retained earnings can be made as a result of contractual requirements. d. Appropriations of retained earnings can be made at the discretion of the board of directors.