11. Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan, chief of South Viet Nam's national police, walked up and shot a prisoner in the head. His reason: The prisoner, a Viet Cong lieutenant, had just murdered a South Vietnamese colonel, his wife, and their six children. Assuming this is out of one's moral character, the __________ theory of ethics applies here.

A. beneficence

B. normative

C. procedural

D. situational

12. The ___________ established guidelines for medical doctors conducting biomedical research involving human subjects.

A. American Medical Association

B. National Institutes of Health

C. World Health Organization

D. Institute of Ethics

13. The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1980 was enacted to ensure that patients are informed of their rights to execute advanced directives and accept or ________ medical care.

A. provide

B. attribute

C. refuse

D. consult

14. Based on Roe v. Wade, the first trimester of a pregnancy involves __________.

A. a state's right to regulate abortion procedures in ways reasonably related to maternal health

B. an abortion decision between a woman and her physician

C. a state's right to prohibit all abortions

D. the Supreme Court's right to decide a woman's right to abortion on a case-by-case basis

15. The court in Doe v. Zimmerman declared unconstitutional a Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act provision requiring the written consent of the __________.

A. parent

B. spouse

C. state

D. physician

16. State laws have been developed to _________ the confidentiality of HIV-related information.

A. publish

B. protect

C. freely share

D. openly share

17. The constitutional right of women to have an abortion before viability of the fetus, as first enunciated in Roe v. Wade, was reaffirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in __________.

A. Harris v. McRae

B. Doe v. Bolton

C. Maher v. Roe

D. Planned Parenthood v. Casey

18. Laws have been enacted to _________ the confidentiality of HIV-related information.

A. publish

B. protect

C. freely share

D. openly share

19. Federal organ donation regulations require hospitals to __________.

A. develop a process to facilitate untimely donation and transplantation

B. develop protocols regarding an organization's organ procurement responsibilities

C. develop a process to inform the news media of potential donors

D. educate hospital staff on a variety of issues involved with caring for AIDS patients

20. __________ of treatment is a decision to discontinue treatment or medical interventions for the patient when death is imminent and cannot be prevented by available treatment.

A. Maintenance

B. Suppression

C. Withholding

D. Withdrawal