12. A student holds a thin aluminum pie pan horizontally 2 m above the ground and releases it. Using a motion detector, she obtains the graph shown in Figure P3.12. Based on her measurements, (a) draw force dia grams for the pie pan at times 0.05 s, 0.3 s, and 0.7 s, and (b) estimate the distance that the pan travels once it reaches constant speed. FIGU RE P3.12 vy (m/s) 28. Estimate the average force that a baseball pitcher's hand exerts on a 0.145kg baseball as he throws a 40 m/s (90 mi / h) pitch. Indicate all of the assumptions you made. 34. A 0.10-kg apple falls off a tree branch that is 2.0 m above the grass. The apple sinks 0.060 111 into the grass while stopping. Determine the force that the grass exerts on the apple while stopping it. Indicate any assumptions you made. 60. The downward distance d that an Object falls in a time interval r if starting at rest is d = %ar2. On the Moon, a rock falls 10.0 min 3.50 3. What time interval 1' is needed for it to fall 15.0 m, assuming the same acceleration? (a) 2.33 s (b) 2.86 s (c) 3.50 s (d) 4.29 s (e) 5.25 s 62. You decide to open a pizza parlor. The ingredients require that you charge $4.50 for a 7.0in.diameter pizza. How large should you make a pizza whose price is $10.00, assuming the cost is based entirely on the cost of ingredients? (a) 1.4 in. (b) 3.1 in. (c) 7.0 in. (d) 10 in. (e) 16 in