12. The Todaro model suggests that rural urban migration depends on a. the gap between rural and urban wages b. the gap between rural and urban wages modied by the likelihood of obtaining a job in the city c. the gap between rural and urban wages modied by the likelihood of having a family member already in the city d. the gap between rural and urban wages modied by govemmentprovided employment possibilities in the city e. none of the above 13. Educating girls and women should reduce population growth because bettereducated girls and women a. will take better care of their children b. is more likely to practice contraception c. is more likely to want income from working rather than having additional children d. tends to want to spend more on fewer children rather than less on a greater number of children e. all of the above 14. Over the last several decades, per capita world food production has a. risen rapidly b. been stable c. risen at first, but then fallen d. risen slowly e. fallen continuously