[12:03 a.m., 3/10/2023] Jay Dhaduk: account for inetficiencies and uncertainties. CASE STUDY THE ESTIMATING PROBLEM Barbara just received the good news: She was assigned as the project manager for a project that her company won as part of competitive bidding. Whenever a request for proposal (RFP) comes into Barbara's company, a committee composed mainly of senior managers reviews the RFP. If the decision is made to bid on the job, the RFP is turned over to the Proposal Department. Part of the Proposal Department is an estimating group that is responsible for estimating all work. If the estimating group has no previous history concerning some of the deliverables or work packages and is unsure about the time and cost for the work, the estimating team will then ask the functional managers for assistance with estimating. Project managers like Barbara do not often participate in the bidding process. Usually, their first knowledge about the project comes after the contract is awarded to their company and they are assigned as the project manager. Some project managers are highly optimistic and trust the estimates that were submitted in the bid implicitly unless, of course, a significant span of time has elapsed between the date of submittal of the proposal and the final contract award date. Barbara, however, is somewhat pessimistic. She believes that accepting the estimates as they were submitted in the proposal is like playing Russian roulette. As such, Barbara prefers to review the estimates. [12:04 a.m., 3/10/2023] Jay Dhaduk: PRICING AND ESTIMATE project was estiman previous ve weeks um One of the most entica formed this task or freatings rosects and , one grade 7 employee full resurred one person fall ume for fourteen tartard asked the est the three pup how dig anguired in carnate: In eatinating group respontal hame was thirteen sec point 94, enter has aparnaire inne was hour wecks. the most tikely time was thiteen weeks, and the Aristie sime was sixicen weeks. *the tune kelieved that the three point estimate was way would be for k very only way to this hurt package could ever he completed in four weeks ove, ihe estimativery small proge Ani here hear the complesty of Bathara's project. Therefore. sslimate: Ling group was not coularing any completity factors when using the three poist inates had and the estimating frup used the irangular distribution where each of the three estimates nad an equal likelihood of acurrence, the final estimate would have been thirteen weeks, this was closer to the fourten weeks that Barbara thought the work package would take. While a direrence of I week seem smal, it could have a serious impact on Barbara's project and incur penalties for late delivery. Barbara was now still confused and decided to talk to Peter, the employee who was as signed to do this task. Barbara had worked with Peter on previous projects. Peter was a grade 9 employee and considered to be an expert in this work package. As part of the discussions with Barbara, Peter made the following comments: I have seen estimating data bases that include this type of work package and they all estimate the work package at about 14 wecks. I do not understand why our estimating group prefers to use the three point estimate. "Does the typical data base account for project complexity when considering the estimates?" asked Barbara. Peter responded: Some data bases have techniques for considering complexity, but mostly they just assume an average complexity level. When complexity is important, as it is in our project, analogy estimating would be better. Using analogy estimating and comparing the complexity of the work package on this project to the similar works packages I have completed, I would say that 16-17 weeks is closer to reality, and let's hope I do not get removed from the project to put out a fire somewhere else in the company. That would be terrible. It is impossible for me to get it done in 12 weeks. And adding more people to this work package will not shorten the schedule. It may even make it worse. Barbara then asked Peter one more question: Peter, you are a grade 9 and considered as the subject matter expert. If a grade 7 had been the job? assigned, as the estimating group had said, how long would it have taken the grade 7 10 do "Probably about 20 weeks or so," responded Peter.

How many different estimating techniques were discussed in this case? If each estimate is different, how does a project manager decide that one estimate is better than other? If you were the project manager for this project, which estimate would you use and why?