13. How shifts in demand and supply affect equilibrium Consider the market for pens. Suppose that new medical concerns regarding graphite absorption have put pressure on schools to reduce pencil use in favor of pens. Further, the price of plastic, a major input in the pen production process, has dropped sharply. On the following graph, labeled Scenario 1, indicate the effect these two events have on the demand for and supply of pens. Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. @ Scenario1 10 -- O 9 S 1 Demand 3 'E 7 El E\" 3.2 5 6 Supply 0. 2 g 5 ' 8 ------------+ ._. I LLI 4 Q l D n: I 2 m 3 I D 2 | 1 I 1 I I o 1 l ; l l z l I l l l . 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 a 9 1o QUANTITY (Millions of pens) True or False: When both the demand and supply curves shift, the curve that shifts by the larger magnitude determines the effect on the undetermined equilibrium object. True 0 False Next, complete the following graph, labeled Scenario 2, by shifting the supply and demand curves in the same way that you did on the Scenario 1 graph. 6') Scenario 2 10 O 9 _ S B _ 1 Demand S 2 A 7 D I: 8 5 6 - SUPP'Y 0' -------------+ =3 5 ; O Q I D2 LL! 4 o I E I G- 3 I [,1 I 2 A I 1 I I 0 1 l I ' I l 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 1o QUANTITY (Millions of pens) Compare both the Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 graphs. Notice that after completing both graphs, you can now see a difference between them that wasn't apparent before the shifts because each graph indicates different magnitudes for the supply and demand shifts in the market for pens. Use the results of your answers on both the Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 graphs to complete the following table. Begin by indicating the overall change in the equilibrium price and quantity after the shift in demand or supply for each shiftmagnitude scenario. Then, in the nal column, indicate the resulting change in the equilibrium price and quantity when supply and demand shirt in the direction you previously indicated on both graphs. If you cannot determine the answer without knowing the magnitude of the shifts, choose Cannot determine. Use the results of your answers on both the Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 graphs to complete the following table. Begin by indicating in the equilibrium price and quantity after the shift in demand or supply for each shift-magnitude scenario. Then, in the nal colun resulting change in the equilibrium price and quantity when supply and demand shift in the direction you previously indicated on b cannot determine the answer without knowing the magnitude of the shifts, choose Cannot determine. Change in Equilibrium Objects Equilibrium Object Scenario 1 Scenario 2 When Shift Magnitudes Are Unknown Price Decreases V Increases V Cannot determine V Quantity Increases V Increases V Cannot determine V