16 Briefly describe the evolution of operations management. Summarize the trends that have emerged over time.

16 . Scientific management focused on the application of scientific principles to improve the efficiency of production. What are the advantages for a firm of a focus on efficiency? What are the potential pitfalls or problems with a focus on efficiency? What are the consequences for workers?

16 Think of these options for matching the production rate with product demand: hiring/firing, overtime/undertime, and subcontracting. For each option, describe the benefits to the company and to the workers of using that option. Then describe the drawbacks and limitations of each option, for the company and the workers. If you were a manager, which option would you prefr?

16.Perform a break-even analysis for an outsourcing decision, using the following data. If the company produces the units themselves, the fixed production costs are $8,000 and each unit costs $20 to make. If they buy the units from an outside supplier, the per unit cost will be $25. What is the break-even quantity? If the company needs fewer than the break-even quantity, what action should they take? If they need more than the break-even quantity, what action should they take?