16. Considering each array declaration as a different type is a weakness in the definition of the ______ language.

Fortran

LISP

Cobol

Pascal

17. ______ and ______are two applicative languages.

PL/I and Pascal

Java and C++

Prolog and Cobol

ML and LISP

18 .The condition that must be true before execution of a program is called a ______ and the condition that will be true following execution of a program is called a ______.

precondition, postcondition

postcondition, precondition

before-condition, after-condition

all of the above

19. In addition to the axioms for a programming language, it must also be shown that the program ______ in order to verify the correctness of a program.

selects

repeats

terminates

loops

20 .The contents of the pointer X will be the ____ of another data object.

R-value

L-value

cast

signature