16. The Case in Point titled "Welfare Reform in Britain and the United States indicated that the program in did not require recipients to obtain jobs and that the reduction in case loads was smaller in a. Britain; Britain b. Britain; the United States c. the United States; Britain d. United States; the United States 17. Relative poverty might be defined based on the: a. ratio of food expenditures to housing expenditures. b. ratio of housing expenditures to total expenditures. c. relative proportion of income spent on food. d. upper limit of income in the lowest one-fifth of the income distribution. 18. After adjusting for noncash aid, the poverty rate in the United States is: a. unchanged. b. higher. c. lower. d. in some regions lower, but in most regions higher. 19. Affirmative action attempts to eliminate discrimination by: a. subsidizing the wages of specific groups of labor. b. decreasing the supply of specific groups of labor. c. increasing the demand for specific groups of labor. d. imposing heavy fines on employers who discriminate. 20. Since the late 1970s in the United States, the demand for labor and the demand for labor