16. The company Cloudflare provides Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) which speed up web sites, particularly when there are many users. CDNs work by hosting multiple copies of a particular web site at small data centres around the world. Suppose Cloudflare's data centres are using a particular brand of network switch which has an MTBF of 3 years. That means it has a 1 in 1095 chance of failing on any particular day. They want to improve their data centres' reliability by adding redundant switches. What does the chance of failure become in a DMR (Dual Modular Redundant) configuration containing two of these network switches? Assume all failures are independent. Show your work and write your answer as "1 in ...". [2 marks] Click here to enter text. 15. The following diagram shows a modern chipset and bus architecture for Intel Core i3/i5/i7 processors. Answer the questions below based on the diagram. 4x DDR3-1600 slots PC3-12800 UDIMM ECC/NECC High definition audio 10 External, 4 Internal USB ports: 9x USB 2.0 1 port with charging function 5x USB 3.0 S1012 4th generation Intel Core/ Intel Xeon E3-12xx v3 processor intel) inside PCIe3 x16 Graphics slot Xeon CORE 17 CORE 15 CORE 13 Intel HD 4400/4600/P4600 Graphics (on certain CPUs) DMI 2 PCle2 x16 (4) Slot PCle2x4 (1) Slot Intel C216 PCH (Peripheral Controller Hub) PCle2x1 Slot PCle to PCI Bridge 32-bit PCI Slot AMT 9 Intel I217LM GbE LAN 5x SATA 6.0 Gbps Ports b) In addition to a peripheral controller hub (PCH), previous generations of Intel hardware also had a separate chip that acted as a memory controller hub (MCH). Where is the memory controller functionality located now? [1 mark] Click here to enter text. What observation or general principle made this possible? [1 mark] Click here to enter text. 7