16. The following are advantages of commercial systems EXCEPT: A. Cost is a fraction of cost of in-house development. B. Can be implemented almost immediately once need is recognized. C. Reliability since software is pretested and less likely to have errors than in-house systems. D. Firm is dependent on vendor for maintenance. 17. System planning objective is: A. to link individual systems projects to the strategic objectives of the firm. B. to survey current system and analyze user needs. C. to produce alternative systems that satisfy identified system requirements. D. to identify optimal solution from alternatives. 18. Two formal documents from the project planning phase are: A. Project proposal and project schedule. B. Cost-benefit analysis report and project maintenance report. C. User interface design and database design. D. Audit report and management report. 19. Process to survey current system and analyze user needs are performed in: A. System Planning phase B. System Analysis phase C. Conceptual System Design phase D. System Evaluation and Selection phase 20. Net present value (NPV) method A. is a variation of break-even analysis. B. deducts the present value of the costs from the present value of the benefits over the life of the system. C. is a formal document that consists of a revised feasibility study, cost-benefit analysis and list and explanation of intangible benefits for each alternative design. D. is to produce alternative systems that satisfy identified system requirements.