16.Non-differential means that the extent of the misclassification is ________ for both study groups:

a.Different

b.Dynamic

c.Same

d.Undecided

17.Misclassification error can be fixed by which of the following approach:

a.Use most accurate source of information available

b.Multiple measurements of exposure and disease

c.Validation - corroborate the data using several sources

d.All of the above

18.Confounding is described as a:

a.Systematic difference in soliciting, recording, or interpreting information

b.Systematic difference between the groups being compared that distorts the true association between a cause and an effect

c.Systematic similarity between the groups being compared that distorts the true association between an exposure and disease

d.None of the above

19.Concerning confounding:

a.It results in mixing of effects between exposure and disease

b.Occurs when cases and controls have different characteristics

c.It is an inherent characteristic of the population

d.All of the above