17. Years ago, a certain economics professor suggested that Valencia auction off parking spaces to create more efficient outcomes. Since Valencia sometimes Valencia stupid things, no one listened to this professor. Therefore, during normal times, the ongoing system of non-price rationing means that: a. Students who place a high value on getting to class on time will not be allowed to express that value with currency. b. Valencia will earn a lower than optimal revenue from parking spots. c. Students who would like to spend their mornings on Instagram, while sitting at home in their pajamas will spend long periods of time searching for a parking spot instead. d. The best parking spots will be provided for the same price as the worst spots, suggesting that this is a stupid policy. e. All of the above. f. Not all of the above, because Valencia is simply practicing the clearly morally superior economic model that Karl Marx put forth. 18. Shortages and black markets largely came to an end in the Soviet Union because a. Ronald Reagan showed that the ideas of Jean Baptiste Say and Adam Smith were more efficient economic models than the ideas put forth by Karl Marx. Barack Obama sped up the rate at which the Soviet Union collapsed by making shortages there worse in the short run. c. Franklin Roosevelt worked with Hugo Chavez to implement price controls on the Soviet economy, leading to the economic collapse occurring today. d. Ronald Reagan modeled his economic policies on what Karl Marx advocated to determine how food would be supplied. e. Donald Trump imposed tariffs on the Soviet economy