42. This begins Exercise 5 which consists of questions 42-45 An article from JAMA presents the results from a randomized trial comparing two interventions (sustained care versus standard care) on post discharge smoking cessation among hospitalized adults who smoked cigarettes at the time of their hospital admission. An excerpt from the article abstract follows: IMPORTANCE Health care systems need effective models to manage chronic diseases like tobacco dependence across transitions in care. Hospitalizations provide opportunities for smokers to quit, but research suggests that hospital-delivered interventions are effective only if treatment continues after discharge. OBJECTIVE To determine whether an intervention to sustain tobacco treatment after hospita discharge increases smoking cessation rates compared with standard care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized clinical trial compared sustained care (a postdischarge tobacco cessation intervention) with standard care among 397 hospitalized daily smokers (mean age. 53 years; 48% were males; 81% were non-Hispanic whites) who wanted to quit smoking after discharge and received a tobacco dependence intervention in the hospital: 92% of eligible patients and 44% of screened patients enrolled. The study was conducted from August 2010 through November 2012 at Massachusetts General Hospital. INTERVENTIONS Sustained care participants received automated interactive voice response telephone calls and their choice of free smoking cessation medication (any type approved by the US Food and Drug Administration) for up to 90 days. The automated telephone calls promoted cessation, provided medication management, and triaged smokers for additional counseling. Standard care participants received recommendations for postdischarge pharmacotherapy and counseling. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was biochemically confirmed past 7-day tobacco abstinence at 6-month follow-up after discharge from the hospital; secondary outcomes included self-reported tobacco abstinence.The resulting unadjusted relative risks of abstaining from tobacco use (1 = not using tobacco, 0 = using tobacco) are as follows: Table 3. Tobacco Abstinence Rates After Discharge by Treatment Group" No. (%) of Patients Sustained Care Standard Care Relative Risk Outcome Measure (n = 198) (n = 199) (95% CI) P Value Biochemically confirmed Abstinent for past 7 de 6-mo follow-up 51 (25.8) 30 (15.1) 1.71 (1.14-2.56) 009 Self-report Abstinent for past 7 d 1-mo follow-up 103 (52.0) 78 (39.2) 1.33 (1.07-1.65) 01 3-mo follow-up 89 (44.9) 73 (36.7) 1.23 (0.96-1.56) .10 6-mo follow-up 81 (40.9) 56 (28.1) 1.45 (1.10-1.92) 008 Abstinent since hospital discharge 1-mo follow-up 91 (46.0) 66 (33.2) 1.39 (1.08-1.78) .01 3-mo follow-up 67 (33.8) 47 (23.6) 1.43 (1.04-1.97) 03 6-mo follow-up 54 (27.3) 32 (16.1) 1.70 (1.15-2.51) 007 The above relative risks compare the sustained care participants to the standard care participants. With regards to the "Biochemically Confirmed" abstinence at the six months follow-up period, what is the interpretation of the relative risk of 1.71? a. Subjects randomized to the sustained care intervention had 71% lesser risk of abstaining from tobacco use (not using for at least 7 days) six months after being discharged from the hospital. (as compared to subjects randomized to standard care) b. Subjects randomized to the sustained care intervention had 71% greater risk of abstaining from tobacco use (not using for at least 7 days) six months after being discharged from the hospital. (as compared to subjects randomized to standard care) c. Subjects randomized to the standard care group had 71% lesser risk of abstaining from tobacco use (not using for at least 7 days) six months after being discharged from the hospital. (as compared to subjects randomized to the sustained care intervention group) d. Subjects randomized to the standard care group had 71% greater risk of abstaining from tobacco use (not using for at least 7 days) six months after being discharged from the hospital. (as compared to subjects randomized to the sustained care intervention group)