1.A researcher wants to include level of education as an independent variable in a logistic regression model. Level of education has eight categories(1) none, (2) some elementary school, (3) completed elementary school, (4) some high school, (5) completed high school, (6) some college, (7) completed college, and (8) graduate school. How many dummy variables does the researcher need to create to include this variable in the regression model?

Select one:

a.

6

b.

8

c.

7

d.

1

Question 2

A study was conducted looking at the association between use of cosmetics containing parabens, a form of preservative, and skin cancer. The researchers adjusted the logistic regression model for age, as age was thought to be an important potential confounder. The SPSS results are below. What would be the best interpretation of the results?

Select one:

a.

Those who used moisturizer with parabens had an odds of skin cancer that was 4.927 times higher than that of those who did not use moisturizer, and this association was not statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

b.

After adjusting for age, those who used moisturizer with parabens had an odds of skin cancer that was 0.004 times lower than that of those who did not use moisturizer, and this association was statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

c.

After adjusting for age, those who used moisturizer with parabens had an odds of skin cancer that was 1.595 times higher than that of those who did not use moisturizer, and this association was statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

d.

After adjusting for age, those who used moisturizer with parabens had an odds of skin cancer that was 4.927 times higher than that of those who did not use moisturizer, and this association was statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

Question 3

Question text

Researchers used simple logistic regression to model the association between physical therapy and ability to get up from a chair unassisted among a group of men with Parkinson's disease. The beta was 0.32. What is the odds ratio?

Select one:

a.

0.32

b.

- 1.14

c.

32%

d.

1.38

Question 4

The odds ratio is always equal to or greater than the risk ratio. Under which of the following conditions would the odds ratio be a good approximation of the risk ratio?

Select one:

a.

The exposure is rare.

b.

The exposure is common.

c.

The outcome is rare.

d.

The outcome is common.

Question 5

What is the difference between simple (also known as univariate and bivariate) regression and multivariate regression?

Select one:

a.

Simple regression adjusts for confounding, and multivariate regression does not.

b.

Simple regression includes one independent variable, and multivariate regression includes more than one independent variable.

c.

Simple regression uses a chi-square statistic, and multivariate regression uses maximum likelihood.

d.

Simple regression includes only one dependent variable, and multivariate regression includes more than one dependent variable.

Question 6

What is the null hypothesis of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test?

Select one:

a.

The logistic regression model does not fit the data.

b.

There is no difference in the variance between the dependent and independent variables in the logistic regression model.

c.

The logistic regression model is a good fit to the data.

d.

There is no association between the independent variable and the dependent variable in the logistic regression model.

Question 7

What measure(s) of the strength and direction of association can we get from a logistic regression model? (Select all that apply.)

Select one or more:

a.

One-way ANOVA

b.

Chi-square

c.

F-statistic

d.

Odds ratio

e.

Risk ratio

f.

What type of regression is used when the dependent variable is dichotomous?

Select one:

a.

Logistic

b.

Multinomial

c.

Linear

d.

Poisson

Question 9

What types of independent variables can be examined in a logistic regression model?

Select one:

a.

Dichotomous

b.

Polytomous

c.

Continuous

d.

All of the above

Question 10

Which of the statistics below provides an estimate of the amount of variance in the dependent variable explained by all the independent variables included in a logistic regression model?

Select one:

a.

Cox and Snell R-square

b.

Coefficient of determination

c.

Pearson correlation coefficient

d.

Chi-square