1a. Retirement planning requires fulfilling the various needs of today's retiree and must be approached from several perspectives. What is the most essential retirement objective? Select one: a. Improving retirement lifestyle b. Retiring early c. Maintaining pre-retirement standard of living d. Achieving financial freedom 1b. In statistics, measurement of "risk is also known as ; and "expected return" as Select one: a. mean, standard deviation b. standard deviation, correlation coefficient C. standard deviation, distribution d. standard deviation, mean 1c. Retirement gap is a situation where Select one: a. there is a shortfall when total liabilities are deducted from total assets of a person when he retires b. the future value of retirement resources is lower than the total lump sum need for retirement at the commencement of retirement. c. there is an excess amount of retirement resources over retirement needs d. there is a deficit between cash inflow and cash outflow 1d. Which of the following investment portfolio has the highest risk level? Select one: a. Portfolio with standard deviation of 0.0 b. Portfolio with standard deviation of 0.55 c. Portfolio with standard deviation of 0.50 d. Portfolio with standard deviation of 0.05