1.About the sources of the bias, one of the following is incorrect

a.Can be caused by investigator or study participants only at design phase of the study

b.Can occur in experimental, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, and ecological studies

c.Not inherent characteristic of the study population

d.Few studies have no bias or errors

2.Selection bias:

a.Occurs only in experiemtal stuudies.

b.Occurs only in retrospective cohort studies

c.has to do with who gets into your study.

d.has to do with the information that gets into your study.

3.Interviewer Bias is defined as:

a.Bias that can occur if study participants exit a study for reasons related to both exposure and disease

b. Bias that can occur if there is a systematic difference in soliciting, recording, or interpreting information

c.Bias that can occur if the information you collect from or about study participants is erroneous

d.Bias that can occur ifpeople with disease remember/report their exposure differently than people without disease

4.Key facts about bias include the following EXCEPT:

a.Usually result from a "prejudiced" investigator

b.Can pull an association either toward or away from the null

c.Amount of bias can be small, moderate, or large

d.Usually occurs in carefully designed and conducted studies

5.Which if the following is true about Measurement (Misclassification) Error?

a.It is the most common form of bias.

b.Does not occur in self report data

c.Cannot result from errors in how data are captured

d.Occurs only when study participants are placed into the wrong

exposure category

6.Non-differential means that the extent of the misclassification is ________ for both study groups:

a.Different

b.Dynamic

c.Same

d.Undecided

7.Misclassification error can be fixed by which of the following approach:

a.Use most accurate source of information available

b.Multiple measurements of exposure and disease

c.Validation - corroborate the data using several sources

d.All of the above