1.Discuss any TWO monetary policy instruments used by the South African Reserve Bank. 2.Explain climate and natural resources as reasons for international trade.

3.Distinguish between the market structure of a monopoly and a perfect competitor in detail. In addition, draw a fully labelled graph to show the long-term equilibrium position of any ONE of the above markets. Your response can either be in tabular form or in paragraphs. Full sentences are required.

5.Discuss import substitution and export promotion as part of South Africa's international trade policy and explain how successful South Africa has been in substituting imports with locally manufactured goods. Use well-structured arguments to substantiate your response.

6.Discuss the measures used to ensure environmental sustainability under the following headings: Market-related policies Public-sector intervention Public-sector control

7.In your opinion, to what extent were the relevant international protocols and agreements successful?Explain inefficiencies in the market as a consequence of market failure. 9.Briefly outline the role of non-price competition under conditions of monopolistic competition.

.DP is a domestic (Florida) partnership with a foreign partner, Jose Perez, an individual who is neither a tax resident nor a citizen of the U.S. Jose resides in a country with whom the U.S. does not have an income tax treaty. In 2016, DP's income consists of (i) rental income from a commercial property it owns in Florida; (ii) dividend income from stocks it owns in U.S. corporations; (iii) dividend income from stocks it owns in foreign corporations; (iv) interest income from registered U.S. corporate bonds; (v) interest income from a U.S. bank account (unrelated to rental activities); and (vi) interest income from a foreign bank account.

(a) What, if any, are DP's tax withholding obligations with respect to Jose's distributive share of each type of DP's income?

(b) What, if any, are DP's reporting obligations with respect to its foreign bank account?

(c) What, if any, would be DP's tax withholding obligations with respect to Jose's distributive share of any gain realized by DP on the sale of its commercial rental property?

Mother and Father own a 2-acre parcel of undeveloped real estate ("Parcel"). Mother and Father are in their late 60s and in good health. They have two children (twins), Son and Daughter, finishing up their final year in graduate school. Son expects to graduate with a master's degree in Geriatrics. Daughter expects to graduate with a master's degree in Hospital Administration. In addition to the real estate, Mother and Father are financially secure and have rental properties and retirement income of approximately $5,000 a month. Mother and Father would like to be in a position to get additional cash flow from rental of the Parcel after it is developed. Son and Daughter have suggested to Mother and Father that they develop the Parcel with a brand new long-term nursing facility. Son and Daughter would assist in managing the construction of the facility and would be the sole managing operators of the nursing home once it opens for business. Assume that Son and Daughter have sufficient funds to enable them to properly capitalize any entity that will operate the nursing home. The Parcel is worth approximately $4 million and it will take another $3 million to build the facility. A bank is willing to loan Mother and Father $3 million against the property to build the facility. Once the facility is built, it is estimated to have a fair market value of at least $9 million. Mother and Father will give Son and Daughter each a 15% interest in the Parcel, including any improvements for their services, but do not want their children to transfer any of their interest without the parent's consent. The entire family has come to Attorney for advice on how to structure the transaction. Assume the following: 1. Attorney had previously prepared Mother and Father's Estate Plan; 2. Mother and Father want to go forward with Son and Daughter's plan but want to make sure that their other assets are protected; 3. The parties expect a tax loss from the nursing home operations for the first year but a substantial net profit for the ensuing years that could fluctuate between $1 -$2 million a year.

A. Which members of the family could Attorney represent in this transaction? Discuss.

B. What type of entity or entities should the family utilize for the construction stage and what changes, if any, should be made once the facility is ready to begin its operations as a nursing home? Please set forth the federal, state, and local tax consequences to all the parties for any entity elected. (Assume that there are no problems in representing the entire family in answering this part of the question.)

C. If the family were to set up a Family Limited Partnership to manage the construction and ultimate ownership of the parcel and improvements, how should Attorney advise the partners to operate and manage the partnership such that it will be accepted for tax purposes (income and estate) upon the death of the parents?r