1.Read the Article "Ethics and Statistics in Randomized Clinical Trials ", by Richard M. Royall.

2. Answer ANY THREEof the following questions.One or two well-thought-out paragraphs is sufficient for each answer.

Question 1, regarding the Personal Care Principle :

What is the Personal Care Principle?

Do you believe that a physician should provide the care to patients that is the best in his/her opinion , or only that care which has been proven most effective by scientific evidence?

Question 2:

Do you support the utilitarian argument for randomized clinical trials?That is, is it ok for some people ( that is , the control group) to possibly suffer / miss out on a treatment for the interests of science and potential benefit to humanity?

Question 3:

What is informed consent?

Do you believe that informed consent absolves those implementing the trial of moral responsibility since the patient has agreed to the possibility of being in the control group?

Question 4:

Do you agree with the randomized consent design, which states that consent is not needed for the standard treatment even if a potentially better treatment exists?

Question 5:

What is a response adaptive trial ?

Do you believe that response adaptive trials are ethical?Should a subject entering a trial late be assigned to a treatment for which there is mounting evidence against its effectiveness, even if the probability is small?