1--The interest rate that determines the amount of cash interest the borrower pays and the investor receives each year is called the ________.

2--The face value of a bond is $70 000, its stated rate is 7%, and the term of the bond is five years. The bond pays interest semiannually. At the time of issue, the market rate is 8%. Determine the present value of the bonds at issuance. (Please refer to the present value tables either in your text or online and show all your work using well-labeled computations.)

3--A bond is issued at discount when a bond's stated interest rate is ________.