1.Two pollsters are conducting surveys to estimate the proportion of Clarkston Michigan citizens who support a bond issue to build a sports stadium. Both pollsters use the same methods; however, their sample sizes differ. One pollster reports his results with a margin of error of 4; while the second reports her results with a margin of error of 2. What can be said about the sample sizes?

a.The first pollster's sample is larger than the second pollster's sample by a factor of 2.

b.The first pollster's sample is larger than the second pollster's sample by a factor of 4.

c.The first pollster's sample is smaller than the second pollster's sample by a factor of 2.

d.The first pollster's sample is smaller than the second pollster's sample by a factor of 4.

2.Researchers find a strong significant positive correlation in Minneapolis, Minnesota between weekly sales of hot chocolate and weekly cases of the flu. Which of the following is the best explanation?

a.Drinking hot chocolate causes people to get the flu.

b.Having the flu makes people want to drink hot chocolate.

c.There is a third variable that is separately making it more likely that people want hot chocolate and that more people get the flu.

d.There is no explanation beyond mere coincidence (chance)

3.A p-value of .03 means:

a.There's a 3% chance the null hypothesis is wrong.

b.The probability that the result is due to chance (is a coincidence) is 3%.

c.A result of this exact size would occur by chance alone 3% of the time.

If the null hypothesis were true, the probability of getting a result at least this far away from the null hypothesis is 3%.

d.The parameter value has a margin of error of 3%.

4.Phenobarbital and Phenytoin are both used to control childhood epilepsy. While both drugs work well for that purpose, doctors usually like Phenytoin because of the low number of side effects. However, since Phenobarbital is easier to store and costs less, it might be preferred in developing countries. Thus, researchers conducted a randomized double-blind experiment amongst 64 children in rural India (32 in each group) to test if the number of side effects would really be significantly more in children who take Phenobarbital compared with those who take Phenytoin for their epilepsy. The results of this experiment found no significant difference between the two drugs in the rate of side effects. Because of the small sample sizes in each group, critics of the experiment legitimately felt that

a.the estimates of the rate of side effects would be biased.

b.even if there was a big difference in the rate of side effects, it might not be detected.

c.since the results were not significant, the drugs can be assumed to have the same rate of side effects.

d.a lower significance level should be used (e.g., p-values would need to be under 1% instead of 5%

5.The average customer at a convenience store spends $14. You are going to keep track of how much is spent by the customers. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

a.The next 10 customers spend an average of between $10 and $18.

b.The next 100 customers spend an average of between $10 and $18.

c.The next 10 customers spend an average of exactly $14.

d.The next 100 customers spend an average of exactly $14.

6.A scale by the deli of a supermarket is used to weigh meats and cheeses and price the items purchased by customers. The scale is well calibrated, very reliable, and gives an unbiased measured weight. However, when the food is weighed it is inside of a plastic bag, so the weights used to charge customers include the weight of the bag. The weights used to charge customers are then:

a.a biased measurement of the weight of the food.

b.still an unbiased measurement of the weight of the food.

c.less reliable as a measurement of the weight of the food.

d.more reliable as a measurement of the weight of the food.