1.Which of the following is not a possible method used by managed care health insurance companies to control medical care utilization and costs?

a)Gatekeepers who coordinate all primary care and access to specialists.

b)A network of providers that offer discounted rates to managed care enrollees.

c)A policy that patients must always go directly to the specialist physician the patient wants to see.

d)Utilization review to scrutinize the medical and clinical decision of physicians.